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(Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. BOND, Jr. SEWING MACHINE.

Vlanented Aug'. 16,1881. r

WITNESSES.- gil/MM NA PETERS, Plwglicbogmpmr. wnmlngtun, D. C.

(Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

BOND, Jr. SEWING MACHINE. No. 245,771. Patented Aug. 16,1881.

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N. Puma Phew-Lithograph". wmhingon. D. C.

(Model.) y 5 Sheets- Sheet 3.

J BOND, J r SEWING MACHINE.

Patented Aug. 16,1881.v

WITNESSES:

(Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J BOND, Jr SEWING MACHINE.

Patented Aug. 16, 1881.-

WITNESSES:

(Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

vJ. BOND, Jr.l SEWING MACHINE. No. 245,771. Patented Aug. 116, 1881.

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J JKM.

(Model.)

J. BOND, J1'.

SEWING MACHINE.

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WITNESSES,

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s Phulu-mhognph-r. washington D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH BOND, JR., OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TO CHARLES M. SWAIN, OF SAME PLAGE.

SEWING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 245,771, dated August 16, 1881.

Application filed February 28, 1881. (Model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOSEPH BOND, Jr., a citizen ot' the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Sewing-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in that class of lock-Stich sewing-machines in which a loop of needle-thread is passed over a 1o stationary spool case or shuttle by a rotating hook; and my invention relates to mechanism, fully described hereinafter, by the aid ofwhich a complete stitch is formed while the needle is making one complete stroke orup-and-down movement and the rotating hook is making one rotation.

My invention further relates to certain devices, described hereinafter, for operating and imparting pressure to the presser-bar, the obzo ject of the devices being to avoid well-known objections to ordinary presser bar attachments, and a further objectbeing to afford facilities for operatin g the presser-bar at a point most convenient for the manipulation of the saine.

My invention further relates to certain feeding mechanism.

My invention further relates to a device, described hereinafter, for imparting tension to 3o the spool or shuttle thread as it leaves the spoolcasc.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a side view of my improved sewing-machine, the frame-work being in section and the operating parts in elevation; Fig. 2, a section on the line 1 2, Fig. 1; Fig. 3, Sheet 2, an inverted plan view of the machine eX- hibiting the under side ofthe base-plate; Fig. 4, Sheet 3, an end view ofthe machine looking 4o in the direction ofthe arrow 1, Fig. 1; Fig. 5, the same as Fig. 4 after the removal of the front plate and other appliances, the base in this view being in suction on the line 3 4, Fig. 1; Fig. 6, a section on the line 5 6, Fig. 1;

'45 Fig. 7, a section on the line 7 8, Fig. 1; Fig.

8, Sheet 4, a perspective view of the device for operating the presser-foot; Figs. 9 and 10, perspective views of detached portions ot' the feed-motion; Fig. 11, views drawn to an enlarged scale and showing the construction of 5o the spool-case holder; Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, views, also drawn to an enlarged scale,

of the spool and spool-case; Fig. 17%, a perspective view of the take-up hook; and Figs. 18, 19, 20, 2l, 22, and 23, Sheet 5, diagrams 55 showing the mode of forming the stitch by the machine shown in the other figures ot' the drawings.

A preliminary understanding of the main features of the machine may be best obtained 6o by prefacing the description with an explanation of the inode of forming the stitch, as illustrated by the diagrams, Figs. 18 to 23, inclusive.

In all the diagrams, A represents a rotating disk, provided with a hook, a.; B, the reciprocating needle-bar, provided with the usual eye-pointed needle; C, the cloth-plate; E, the stationary spool-case, and-F a rotating disk, provided with a hook, b. The spool-case is 7o stationary and held in a position eccentric as regards the disk and the circular course ot the hook, for a purpose rendered apparent hereinafter.

The needle-thread x passes through a re- 7 5 taining and releasing device, c, consisting of two disks, one pressed against the other, and shown in Fig. 1, the disks being close together in the middle, but diverging toward the peripheries, so that the thread when taking a 8o course between the disks near the middle of the same will be arrested, but will beA free when it takes a course near the peripheries of the disks. After passing this device c the needle-thread :t passes through an eye, d, on the top of a.vertically-adjustable plate, Gr; thence through eyes d and d2 in the same plate, and thence through the eye ofthe needle. In Fig.

18 the hook c of the disk A, which is revolving in the direction of its arrow, has just re.- 9o leased a loop of needle-thread between the device c-and eye d, and the needle is descending' and commencing to pass through the fabric on the work-plate, the disk F meanwhile revolving in the direction of its arrow. In Fig. 19 95 the needle has descended to the limit of its downward movement and has commenced to ascend, thereby forming an incipient loop of needle-thread, the said 'loop being in a proper position to be seizedby the hook b of the disk F. It should be understood that the needle in descending took up aportion ofthe slack thread fr. In Fig. 20 the hook has seized the loop of needle-thread, and as the needle rises this loop is necessarily enlarged; but this enlargement of the loop is not due to the taking up ot' any slack thread between the device c and eye d, but to the rising ot the needle, which leaves'the thread behind to be drawn into the loop, for it is important that there should be no pulling of the thread through the eye of the needle while the said eye is in the fabric. In Fig. 21 the needle has nearly reached the limit of its upward movement, and the loop of needle-thread has been extended and carried nearly over the spool case, the additional thread required for the enlargement of the loop being derived from the slack between the device cand eyed, Which slack is entirely taken up. A still further distension ot' the loop is requiredbeforeitcan be entirely carried over the spool-case, and this additional th read is derived from the upper spool, shown in Fig. 1, Sheet 1. In Fig. 22 the loop has been drawn over the nose of the spool-case and released from the hook b, the needle is commencing its downward movement, and the hook a ot the disk A is about to seize the thread between the device c and eye d. As soon as the hook a. seizes the thread between the device c and eye dthe course of the thread is so changed as to be caught between the disks of the said device c, (see Fig. 23,) so that no thread can be derived from the upper spool., the thread demanded by the continued movement ot' the hook a being derived from the slack below the fabric, and the hook not only takes up this slack, but tightens the stitch formed by the interlocking ofthe needle-thread with the thread from the spool-case. A further and very slight movement of the disk A beyond the position shown in Fig. 23 will be followed by the releasing of the loop, as shown in Fig.18, al'ter which there will be a repetition ofthe above-desrribed operations informing anotherstitch. It `should be understood that the hook is so inclined at the back and outer edge that, while it retains the loop until it reaches the position shown in Fig. 23, the hook cannot move beyond that position without releasing the loop, owing to the position of the latter in respect to the hook and to the inclined back ot the same.

In machines ofthe class to which my invention relates-that is, in a machine having a rotating hook for carrying a loop of needlethread over a stationaryspool or shuttlecoinplicated and inconvenient gearing has heretofore been used for operating the rotating hook, whereas in my machine all such complicated gearing is dispensed with, as the rotating hook makes but one rotation foreach up-and-down movement of the needle, such rotation being at a uniform rate of-speed, and a complete stitch being made and tightened on each rotation ofthe hook. The eccentricity of the spool-case in respect to the circular path of the hook b contributes to bring this about, the position of the spool-case being such that the loop ot' needle-thread can be passed over its nose at a much earlier stage in the rotation of the hook than it' said spool-case should be situated concentrically with the path of the hook, and consequentlyv more time is afforded for the taking up of the slack thread than in other machines of this class. The position ofthe needle in respect to thespool-case also contributes to the attainment of the de sired result, the needle being vso situated as to permit the spool-case to occupy the position shown, and to this position is due, as before remarked, the prompt passage of the loop over the spool-case.

It will be seen on reference to Fig. 18 that the line in which the needle reciprocates is considerably to the right of a vertical line drawn through the center ot the disk F, and to this is due the fact that the hook b on the edge of the disk seizes the incipient loopof needle-thread at the right point-that is, as near to the eye of the needle as possible.

It will be understood that dit'terentappliances may be used for taking up the slack between the device c and eye d. A vibrating arm with a hook may, for instance, take the place ot' the rota-ting disk and its hook; but the latter are to be preferred, as a rotary motion can be more directly and economically attained than a vibrating motion.

Referring to the general construction of the machine, as illustrated in Sheets l, 2, and 3, l is the stationary arm, projectingi'rom a hollow stand, I', which is permanently secured to the base-plate H.

J is the driving-shaft, having two bearings in the stationary arm, and a supplementary bearing in a plate secured to the rear of the hollow stand, this shal't being provided with fly-wheel, grooved pulley, and a clutch which forms no part ot' my present invention.

K is the counter-shaft, having suitable bearings on the under side of the bed-plate, this shaft being providedwith a crank-wheel, e, the pin of which is connected to a duplex crank, e2, on the driving-shaft by a rod, D, arranged to slide in a guide, L, from which project at right angles to the guide-pinsff, one on each side of the said guide and at right angles to the rod, the pins being adapted to guides g g, secured to the hollow stand I.

The device consisting ot' the two cranks, the connecting-rod D, guide L, and guided pinsf f forms the subject of a separate application fora patent as a mechanical movement. It will, therefore, suffice to remark here that the parallelism ot' the rod D is insured at all times, and the turning of the counter-shaft with that of the driving-shaft must be as certainlysiinultaneous as though the two shafts were geared together by ordinary cog-wheels. This movement is applicable to many machines, but it is IOO IIO

machines for special work it is desirable for the stationary arm to be elevated much higher above the base-plate than in other machines, and all that is necessary to accommodate the above described movement to machines in which the height of the stationary arm from the bed-plate varies is to make the rodD longer or shorter, as the distance between the two shafts may require.

The driving pulley and clutch may be applied to the shaft K instead of to the upper shaft, in which case the duplex crank e2 must be on the said lower sha-ft and the single crank on the shaft above.

At the outer end of the stationary arm and forming part of the same is a plate, N, to which is secured a detachable plate, N, of similar size and form, and between these two plates are the guides for the needle-bar B and presserbar P. In a cross-head on the needle-bar is a curved slot, i, through which passes a crankpin,j, projecting from a disk, Q, on the drivingshaft, the head of the pin projecting beyond the needle-bar, and to this head is secured the disk A, previously referred to in describing the formation of the stitch, the disk heilig secured at a point so far from its center that it shall rotate concentrically with the shaft J. It will be understood that there is an opening in the plate N behind the-disk to permit the free movement ofthe crank-piu.

The device for operating the presser-bar P is shown in perspective in Fig. 8, Sheet 4. On the upper end ofthe bar andprojecting therefrom is a plat-e, R, through the forked end ot' which passes an elastic or spring shaft, S, on the end of which is an eccentric, 7c, between the plate and a projection thereon. This elastic shaft has two bea-rings, one forminga part of the vertically adjustable pin l, passing through a projection on the stationary arm of the machine, as best observed in Fig. 2, the adjustability being effected in the present instance by threading the pin and adapting it to a threaded orice in the said projection. The other bearing of the shaft is in the stand I', and the shaft is here furnished with an arm, m, which passes through a slot inthe stand and is situated at a convenient point for being manipulated when the presser-foot has to be raised orlowered. Whentheshafthasbeensoturned that the eccentric has depressed the presserbar and brought its footinto contact with the cloth, the shaft serves as a spring to press the foot down on the cloth; and this pressure may he increased or diminished, as circumstances may suggest, by adjusting the bearing l'. The advantage of this device for operating the presser bar and foot will be best understood by referring to the ordinary spiral spring for depressing the presser-bar in ordinary sewingmachines, the effort to raise the bar being resisted by a constantly-increasing rigidity of the spring as the latter is compressed, a defect which this feature of myinvention overcomes, for the higher the presser-foot is raised the less will be the resistance exerted by the springshaft; moreover, there is no necessity for turning the presser-bar round so as to be held np, as in some sewing-m achines, the eccentric serving to retain the bar in an elevated position. It is advisable, moreover, that the front of the machine should be free from the usual appliances required for raising and releasing the presser-foot, and that the handle for manipulating the same should be within reach of the right hand of the operator.

The peculiar character of the feeding' device audits mode ofoperation may be bestexplained by reference to the respective views Figs. 9 and l0.

V is the feed-bar, to which a horizontal reciprocating movement only is imparted, and to this bar the arm s is pivoted at t, so that while the arm reciprocates with the bar it can have a vibrating movement in a vertical plane independentl y of the bar V, the arm having near its outer end apointed projection or feed-pin, y, passing freely through the horizontal portion 2 of the bar, the upper surface of which portion is on a level with or slightly above that ofthe cloth-plate and immediately below the presser-foot. During the rearward movement of the bar the arm sis depressed so that its feed-pin y is retracted beneath the surface of the horizontal portion 2 of the bar V; but when the bar has reached the limit of its rearward movement the arm s rises and its pin passes through the fabric, the presser-foot having a longitudinal groove to receive the point of the pin. During the forward movement of the bar the fabric is carried forward by the pin and the desired feed accomplished. The advantage of this feed mechanism is due to the fact that the horizontal portion of the bar V moves with the fabric in feeding, so that there is no drag on the fabric itself. Even when there are several thicknesses of fabric there can be no drag of one on the other, owing to the feedpin, which penetrates through all the layers.

While different devices may be used for imparting the desired movement to the feed-bar and arm, I will proceed to describe the mechanism which I have adopted for this purpose.

To the under side of the base-plate is pivoted, by means ot an adjustable pin, n, the feed-lever, T, which is actuated by two eccentrics,p p', on the counter-shaft, in the following manner: The feed-lever T rests on an arm, U, Fig. 6, which is loosely connected to the under side of the base-plate, the feed-lever being also caused to bear, in the manner explained hereinafter, againstI a shoulder on the said arm U. One cam acting on one part of this arm tends to reciprocate it horizontally, the other cam acting on the other part ofthe arm tending to vibrate the same in a vertical plane; hence the outer end of the feed-lever must receive a combined vertical and lateral vibrating movement.

Thefecd-bar V-is arranged to slide in guides IOO IIO

lon the under side ot' the base-plate, its outer end being acted on by a spring, u, Fig. 3, the tendency of which is to force the bar in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 5. rEhe end ot the feed-lever T passes through a slot, w, in the pivoted arm s and through aslot in the bar V. rlhere are two vertical pins or projections, fu c, on the leed-lever, and these fit snugly between the top and bottom of the slot w in the arm s, so that the latter can receive a vertical vibrating motion only from the said feed-lever, the slot w being too long to permit the arm s to be inuenced by the horizontal vibration of the .t lever. The feed-bar, however, has a slot of such dimensions for admitting the end of the feed-lever that it can only receive a horizontal reciprocating movement therefrom, or rather a movement in one direction from the lever and in the other direction from the spring u, and it is this spring which maintains the lever in contact with the shoulder, Fig. 6, on the arm U.

The spool-case, which is shown in Figs. 12 to 17, Sheet 4, consists ot' two parts, W Wl, which may be entirely separable trom each other, as shown, or hinged together, the two parts being so dished as to present, when united, a chamber large enough to receive the spool X. This spool has two journals in the part W/ ofthe case, the pointedjourual 4 having its bearing in a block, 5, Fig. 17, which is so acted upon by a spring that the latter will keep the spool in its place, but can be retracted so as to set the journal 4 at liberty and permit the withdrawal ot' the other journal from its bearing. The spring also tends to force the end 7I ofthe spool X against a face, S, formed in the part W' ot' the case.

The course of the needle-thread z will be best observed in Figs. 14, l5, and 16. Itis iirst passed from the spool through an-eye, 9, near one edge of the part \V ofthe ease, thence through a channel, Fig. l5, forming a communication between the said e \'e 9 and a similar eye, 10, through which the thread also passes, and whence ittakes a course between the end 7 of the spool and the above-mentioned lace 8 of the spool-case, thencethrough a slot.,11, Fig. 13, and out through an eye, 12.

In many sewing-machinesthereis atendeucy ot' the thread to pass from the spool and become caught within the case, and this involves the necessity of stopping the machine for the readjustment ofthe straying thread. 1 avoid this difficulty by compelling the thread to take the course which it might accidenrallytake with the above results-thatis, over one end ot' the spool; but I prepare in the spool-case a face between which and the end ot' the spool the thread receives the desired tension, which is obtained, while any entanglement of thethread is prevented.

The form ot' the shuttle is too clearly defined in the drawings to render explanation necessary. It will suffice to remark that it has a nose, 3, over which the loop ot' upper thread is carried by the hook b of the disk F, as explained inret'erring to the diagrams on Sheet 5, the nose 3 having a groove through which the hook b can take`its course in carrying the loop of needle-thread over the case. The shuttle is held in place by and between a socket, 14, on the bracket Y, Fig. 11, and a socket, l5, Fig. 11, on a bar, Y', which is so tted to the bracket as to be adjustable thereon, a set-screw and thumb-nut being provided for securing the bar after adjustment. The bracket is secured to the under side of the base-plate,` as shown in Fig. l, Sheet 1.

Referring back to the thread-guide Gr, it may be remarked that its vertical adjustability is ot' importance, for it may be necessary for the rotating hook to take up more or less ot' the needle-thread, as the thickness ot' the fabric may suggest; and it will be seen that the nearer the eye d of the thread-guide is to the device c the greater will be the length of thread taken up.

I cla-iin as my invention- A l. A sewing-machine in which the following elements are combined, namely: first, a fixed shuttle or spool case; second, a uniformly-rotating hook for carrying the needle-thread round the spool-ease; third, a reciprocating needle; fourth, mechanism whereby the hook is turned to the extent of one revolution while the needle makes one complete up-and-down movement; and, iifth, a device for taking up the needle-thread, tightening the stitch, and releasing the said thread during one revoluiion of the hook, all substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of the Xed spool-case and rotating hook ot' the sewing-machine with thread-guides and a rotating hook, a., for taking up and releasing the needle-thread, said hook having an inclined back, as described,

`the thread-guide d, and a device, c, for automatically releasing and retaining the thread controlled by the hook, substantially as specitied.

5. The combination ot` the iiXed shuttle or spool-ease, rotating hook b, and rotating threadcontrolling hook a with the adjustable threadguiding plate G., substantially as described.

6. The .combination ot the slotted needlebar B, the `driving-shaft having a disk, Q, and the crank-pin j, projecting through the slot ot` the needle-har and beyond the same for receivingthe disk A, all being constructed substantially as specified.

7. The combination ot' the head N of the stationary arm of the machine and detachable plate N' with the slotted needle-bar, the rotating hook a, attached to a-disk ory arm situated'outside the detachable plate and secured TOO IIO

tothe pin through the medium of Which the driving-shaft operates the needle-bar, all being constructed substantially as set forth.

8. VThe combination of the presser-bar of a sewing-machine with an elastic rod or shaft provided with an eccentric or cam adapted to the' upper end of the said presser-bar, substantially as set forth, and serving as a medium through which the bar may be operated and of imparting pressure to the bar, all substantially. as described.

9. The combination, in a sewing-machine, of the presser-bar with an elastic rod or shaft having a cam or eccentric adapted to the said bar, and two bearings for the said shaft or rod, one bearing being adjustable for causing the shaft to exert more or less pressure on the presser-bar, all substantially as set forth.

10. A sewing-machine feeding device consisting of a bar, V, having a portion, 2, on a level with or slightly above the cloth-plate, and a pivoted arm, s, carrying the feed point 0r points, with mechanism whereby both bar and arm are intermittently reciprocated horizontally and whereby the arm is made to intermittently vibrate vertically, substantially as set forth.

11. The combination of the bar V, the arm s, pivoted to the same, the Vibrating feed-lever T, adapted to slots in the said bar and arm and having an adjustable pivot, all substantially as set forth.

12. The combination, in asewing-machine, of the counter-shaft K and its two cams, p p', the feedlevcr T and its adjustable fulcrum, and the arm U, loosely connected to the bed-plate and serving as a mediumthrough which the movements of the feed-arm are determined, substantially as described.

13. The combination of the rotating hook b with a Xed shuttle having a nose grooved for the reception of the hook.

14. The combination of a spool-case, a spool, and a spring acting on one end of the spool and tending to force the opposite end of the same against a face formed in the case, with thread-guides which direct the spool-thread between the end of the spool and said face, all substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribin g Witnesses.

JOSEPH BOND, JR.

Witnesses:

, H. L. FULENWIDER,

HARRY SMITH. 

